040 - The molecular diagnosis applied to clinical oncology
Autor(s): S. Martinotti, S. Ursi, S. Matera, G. Vitullo, E. Toniato
Issue: RIMeL - IJLaM, Vol. 5, N. 3-S1, 2009 (MAF Servizi srl ed.)
Page(s): 40-45
Summary
Tumors deriving from normal epithelium are characterized by the anomalous growth of cells which disregulate their homeostatic program and expand their transcriptional activity. From an epidemiological point of view, all carcinomas are distinguished depending on stage and organ origin since all tumors show variable incidence and are correlated with different mortality on affected individuals. This assumption suggests that the process of neoplastic transformation can have correlated causes, but not completely identical, and different biological characteristics. In 90% of the cases each tumor is preceded by a “so called” benign lesion, whose removal involves a clean reduction of the risk of neoplasia. The polyps in the gastroenteric trait, for example, are not anything else other than leaning mass of fabric inside the colon. If they have a wide base of plant they are defined sessil, otherwise they may proliferate inside the colon mucosa giving a peduncolar shape that may transform into adenocarcinoma. The genetic basis of neoplastic transformation has always been a canonical remark of genome rearrangement inside the nuclear cell. The clear hallmark of neoplastic cells, that can be monitored with many different molecular approaches, is a widespread vulnerability in the tumoral genome that structurally reassembles the order of human genes and plunge mutations across the genome during progression on the cell cycle.
Key-words: tumors, predicitve medicine, tumor suppressor genes.